Research Specialties

Labor Economics, Economics of Aging, Pension and Retirement Policies

Principal Investigator, “Faculty Retirement at the University of North Carolina,” TIAA-CREF, October 1999 to October 2000, $22,509.

Principal Investigator, “Financial Education and Retirement Savings,” TIAA-CREF Institute, January 2000-December 2002, $124,509.

Co-Principal Investigator, “Project on State and Local Government Healthcare Benefits,” Center for State and local Government Excellence, July 1, 2007-December 31, 2008, $395,456.

Principal Investigator, “Financial Education Programs for Pre-Retirees,” Financial Industry Regulatory Authority Investor Education Foundation, April 2008-April 2011, $$386,763.
PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

American Economic Association

Gerontological Society of America

International Union for the Scientific Study of Population

Member, National Academy of Social Insurance

Member, Pension Research Council, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania

Member, Board of Outside Scholars, Michigan Retirement Research Center

Fellow, Employee Benefit Research Institute

Governor, Foundation for International Studies on Social Security

Selected Research Publications

• Robert Clark and Brett Hammond, “As Professors Age, Retirement Policies Need Rejuvenation,” The Chronicle of Higher Education, June 2, 2000, B7-8.
• Robert Clark and Sylvester Schieber, “The Shifting Sands of Retirement Plans,” WorldatWork Journal, fourth quarter 2000, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 6-14.
• Robert Clark and Anne York, “Income Security of Elderly Migrants in Germany,” Schmollers Jahrbuch, December 2000, pp.275-289.
• Robert Clark and Fred Munzenmaier, “Impact of Replacing a Defined Benefit Pension with a Defined Contribution Plan or a Cash Balance Plan,” North American Actuarial Journal, January 2001, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 32-56.
• Robert Clark, John Haley, and Sylvester Schieber, “Adopting Hybrid Pension Plans: Financial and Communication Issues,” Benefits Quarterly, first quarter 2001, pp. 7-17.
• Robert Clark and Anne York, “Economic Status of Older German Immigrants,” Vierteljahrsheft zur Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW Quarterly Journal of Economic Research), No. 1 2001, pp. 166-171.
• Robert Clark and Brett Hammond, “Academic Retirement Policy in the Twenty-First Century: Opportunities and Challenges,” The Department Chair, Spring 2001, 11(4), pp. 14-16.
• Linda Ghent, Steven Allen, and Robert Clark, “The Impact of a New Phased Retirement Option on Faculty Retirement Decisions,” Research on Aging, November 2001, 23(6): 671-693.
• Robert Clark, “Keep Senior Faculty or Urge Them to Retire?” Trusteeship November/December 2001, pp. 34-35.
• Robert Clark and Olivia Mitchell, “Strengthening Employment-Based Pensions in Japan,” Benefits Quarterly, 2002 Second Quarter, pp. 22-43.
• Robert Clark and Joseph Quinn, “New Patterns of Work and Retirement at the Beginning of the Twenty-first Century,” Generations, Summer 2002, pp17-24.
• Robert Clark, “Social Security Reform in the United States: Implications for Japan,” Japanese Journal of Social Security Policy, vol. 2, no. 1, June 2003, pp. 14-23.
• Robert Clark, “Reforming Social Security: Distributional, Equity, and Economic Considerations,” Japanese Journal of Social Security Policy, December 2003, pp.83-94.
• Robert Clark and Madeleine d’Ambrosio, “Ignorance is Not Bliss,” Research Dialogue, December 2003.
• Robert Clark, “Liabilities, Debts, Revenues, and Expenditures: Accounting for the Actuarial Balance of Social Security,” Harvard Journal on Legislation, January 2004, pp. 161-171.
• Robert Clark, “Social Security Financing: Facts, Fantasies, Foibles, and Follies,” American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, May 2004, pp 182-186.
• Steven Allen, Robert Clark, and Linda Ghent, “Phasing into Retirement,” Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Oct. 2004, pp. 112-127.
• Robert Clark and Sylvester Schieber, “Adopting Cash Balance Pension Plans: Implications and Issues,” Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, Nov. 2004, pp. 271-295.
• Robert Clark and Madeleine d’Ambrosio, “Recruitment, Retention, and Retirement: Compensation and Employment Practices for Higher Education,” Research Dialogue, December 2004.
• Robert Clark and Madeleine d’Ambrosio, “Recruitment, Retention, and Retirement: Compensation and Employment Policies for Higher Education,” Educational Gerontology, May 2005, pp.385-404.
• Robert Clark, Linda Ghent, and Ann McDermed, “Pension Plan Choice Among University Faculty,” Southern Economic Journal, January 2006, pp. 560-577.
• Robert Clark, Madeleine d’Ambrosio, Ann McDermed, and Kshama Sawant, “Retirement Plans and Saving Decisions: The Role of Information and Education,” Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, March 2006, pp. 45-67.
• Robert Clark, “Employer-Provided Retiree Health Insurance: A Dying Employee Benefit,” Change, Nov./Dec. 2006, page 15.
• Robert Clark and Lee Craig, “A History of Employer Pension Plans,” Financial History, Winter 2007, pp. 30-34.
• Rikiya Matsukura, Naohiro Ogawa, Robert Clark, Kazuo Nemoto, and Katsuya Akaike, “Japan’s Changing Demographic Structure and Its Employment Status Patterns,” The Japan Economy, Spring 2007, pp. 82-153.
• Robert Clark, Naohiro Ogawa, Sang-Hyop Lee, and Rikiya Matsukura, “Older Workers and National Productivity in Japan,” Population and Development Review, forthcoming 2008, vol. 33.
• Robert Clark and Linda Ghent. “Mandatory Retirement and Faculty Retirement Decisions,” Industrial Relations, January 2008, pp 153-163.
• Robert Clark and Brett Hammond (eds.), To Retire or Not? Faculty Retirement Policy in Higher Education, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000.
• Robert Clark, Lee Craig, and Jack Wilson, History of Public Sector Pensions in the United States, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003.
• 2003 Technical Panel on Assumptions and Methods. 2003. Report of the 2003 Technical Panel on Assumptions and Methods to the Social Security Advisory Board. Washington.
• Robert Clark, Richard Burkhauser, Marilyn Moon, Joseph Quinn, and Timothy Smeeding, The Economics of an Aging Society, Oxford UK: Blackwell Publishers, 2004.
• Robert Clark and Jennifer Ma (eds.), Recruitment, Retention, and Retirement in Higher Education: Building and Managing the Faculty of the Future, Northhampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2005.
• Robert Clark and Olivia Mitchell (eds.), Reinventing the Retirement Paradigm, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2005.
• Robert Clark and Madeleine d’Ambrosio (eds.), The New Balancing Act in the Business of Higher Education, Northhampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2006.
• Rikiya Matsukura, Naohiro Ogawa, Robert Clark, Kazuo Nemoto, and Katsuya Akaike, Japan’s Changing Demographic Structure and Its Employment Status Patterns, Tokyo: Nihon University Population Research Institute, published in Japanese.
• Robert Clark, Naohiro Ogawa, and Andrew Mason (eds.), Population Aging, Intergenerational Transfers and the Macroeconomy, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2007.
• Robert Clark, Gordon Goodfellow, Sylvester Schieber, and Drew Warwick, “Making the Most of 401(k) Plans: Who’s Choosing What and Why,” in Olivia Mitchell, Brett Hammond, and Anna Rappaport (eds.), Forecasting Retirement Needs and Retirement Wealth, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000, pp. 95-138.
• Robert Clark and Brett Hammond, “Life After the End of Mandatory Retirement,” in Robert Clark and Brett Hammond (eds.), To Retire Or Not? Faculty Retirement Policy in Higher Education, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000, pp. 1-20.
• Robert Clark, Linda Ghent, and Juanita Kreps, “Changing Faculty Retirement Behavior: The Impact at Three North Carolina Universities,” in Robert Clark and Brett Hammond (eds.), To Retire Or Not? Faculty Retirement Policy in Higher Education, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000, 21-38.
• Robert Clark and Joseph Quinn, “Reform of Retirement Programs and the Future Well-being of the Elderly in America,” in Jun-Young Kim and Per-Gunnar Svensson (eds), Domain Linkages and Privatization in Social Security, Aldershot, UK: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. 2000, pp.199-221.
• Steven Allen, Robert Clark, and Sylvester Schieber, “Has Job Security Vanished in Large Corporations?” in David Neumark, On the Job: Is Long-Term Employment a Thing of the Past, New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2000, pp.196-223.
• Robert Clark, Lee Craig, and Jack Wilson, “The Life and Times of a Public-Sector Pension Plan Before Social Security: The U.S. Navy Pension Plan in the Nineteenth Century,” in Olivia Mitchell and Edwin Hustead (eds.), Pensions in the Public Sector, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001, pp. 241-266.
• Robert Clark, “Pensions,” in George Maddox (ed.), Encyclopedia of Aging, New York: Springer Publishing Company, 2001, pp. 791-793.
• Robert Clark, “Economics,” in George Maddox (ed.), Encyclopedia of Aging, New York: Springer Publishing Company, 2001, pp. 319-321.
• Robert Clark, “Aging Populations and Income Security: The Challenges in East Asia,” in Mukul Asher, David Newman, and Thomas Snyder (eds.), Public Policy in Asia, Westport, CT: Quorum Books, 2002, pp 61-80.
• Robert Clark and Sylvester Schieber, “Taking the Subsidy Out of Early Retirement: Converting to Hybrid Pensions,” in Olivia Mitchell, Zvi Bodie, Brett Hammond, and Steve Zeldes (eds.) Innovations in Retirement Financing, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002, 149-174.
• Robert Clark and Madeleine d’Ambrosio, “Financial Education and Retirement Savings,” in Retirement Implications of Demographic Family Change Symposium, Society of Actuaries, 2002, http://www.soa.org/library/monographs/retirment_systems/m-rs02-2_tableofcontents.html.
• Robert Clark and Sylvester Schieber, “The Emergence of Hybrid Pensions and Their Implications for Retirement Income Security in the 21st Century,” in Cash Balance Plans Symposium, Society of Actuaries, http://www.soa.org/library/monographs/retirement_systems/m-rs02-3/m-rs02-3_tableofcontents.html.
• Robert Clark, Anne York, and Richard Anker, “Cross-national Analysis of Women’s Labour Force Activity Since 1970,” in Brigida Garcia, Richard Anker, and Antonella Pinnelli (eds.), Women in the Labour Market in Changing Economies: Demographic Issues, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003, 13-34.
• Robert Clark, “Retirement, Early Retirement Incentives,” in David Ekerdt (ed.), The Macmillan Encyclopedia of Aging, New York: Macmillan Reference USA.
• Robert Clark and Sylvester Schieber, “An Empirical Analysis of the Transition to Hybrid Pension Plans in the United States,” in William Gale, John Shoven, and Mark Warshawsky (eds.) Private Pensions and Public Policies, Washington: The Brookings Institution, 2004,11-42.
• Robert Clark, Janemarie Mulvey, and Sylvester Schieber, “Effects of Pension Nondiscrimination Rules on Private Sector Pension Participation,” in William Gale, John Shoven, and Mark Warshawsky (eds.) Private Pensions and Public Policies, Washington: The Brookings Institution, 2004, 259-279.
• Robert Clark and Olivia Mitchell, “Strengthening Employment-Based Pensions in Japan,” in Toshiaki Tachibanaki (ed.), The Economics of Social Security in Japan, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2004, pp. 170-201.
• Robert Clark, Madeleine d’Ambrosio, Ann McDermed, and Kshama Sawant, “Sex Differences, Financial Education, and Retirement Goals,” in Olivia Mitchell and Stephen Utkus (eds.), Pension Design and Structure, Oxford University Press, 2004, pp.185-206.
• Robert Clark, “Measuring the Financial Status of the U.S. Social Security System,” in Noriyuki Takayama (ed.), The Balance Sheet of Social Security Pensions, Tokyo: Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, 2005, pp.54-61.
• Robert Clark, “Changing Faculty Demographics and the Need for New Policies,” in Robert Clark and Jennifer Ma (eds.), Recruitment, Retention, and Retirement in Higher Education: Building and Managing the Faculty of the Future, Northhampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2005, pp. 1-22.
• Robert Clark and Madeleine d’Ambrosio, “Developing New Employment and Compensation Policies in Higher Education,” in Robert Clark and Jennifer Ma (eds.), Recruitment, Retention, and Retirement in Higher Education: Building and Managing the Faculty of the Future, Northhampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2005, pp. 276-285.
• Robert Clark and Olivia Mitchell, “Changing the Retirement Paradigm,” in Robert Clark and Olivia Mitchell (eds.), Reinventing the Retirement Paradigm, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2005, pp. 3-13.
• Robert Clark, “The Approach and Choice in the U.S.” in A. Seike and T. Fukawa, Pension Reforms in Five Developed Countries and Their Implications for Japan, Tokyo: Maruzen Planet, 2005, pp.173-190.
• Robert Clark and Joseph Quinn, “Effects of Pensions on Labor Markets and Retirement,” in William Gale, Mark Warshawsky, and John Shoven (eds.), The Evolving Pension System: Trends, Effects, and Proposals for Reform, Washington: The Brookings Institution Press, 2005, pp77-102.
• Steven Allen, Robert Clark, and Linda Ghent, “Phased Retirement Programs: Administrative Objectives, Faculty Preferences, and Changes in Retirement Behavior,” in David Leslie and V. M. Conley (eds.), New Ways to Phase into Retirement: Options for Faculty and Institutions, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2005, pp. 47-60.
• Betsy Brown and Robert Clark, “North Carolina’s Commitment to Higher Education: Access and Affordability,” in Ronald Ehrenberg (ed.) What’s Happening to Public Higher Education, Greenwood Press, 2006, pp. 183-205 .
• Robert Clark, “Health and Retirement Benefits,” in Gretchen Bataille and Betsy Brown (eds.), Faculty Career Paths: Multiple Routes to Academic Success and Satisfaction, Praeger Publishers, 2006, pp. 122-125.
• Robert Clark, “Immigration Trends, Changes in Retirement Ages, and the Future of Social Security,” in Han Emanuel (ed.), Ageing and the Labour Market: Issues and Solutions, Antwerpen: Intersentia, 2006, pp.139-150.
• Robert Clark and Madeleine d’Ambrosio, “Walking the Financial Tightrope: Balancing Costs and Revenues with Commitment to Mission,” in Robert Clark and Madeleine d’Ambrosio (eds.), The New Balancing Act in the Business of Higher Education, Northhampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2006, pp. 3-17.
• Robert Clark, Naohiro Ogawa, and Rikiya Matsukura, “Population Aging, Changing Retirement Policies, and Lifetime Earnings Profiles,” in Robert Clark, Naohiro Ogawa, and Andrew Mason (eds.), Population Aging, Intergenerational Transfers and the Macroeconomy, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2007, pp.17-37.
• Robert Clark, Andrew Mason, and Naohiro Ogawa, “Economic and policy implications of population aging,” in Robert Clark, Naohiro Ogawa, and Andrew Mason (eds.), Population Aging, Intergenerational Transfers and the Macroeconomy, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2007, pp. 3-16.
• Robert Clark and Madeleine d’Ambrosio, “Adjusting Retirement Goals and Saving Behavior: The Role of Financial Education,” in Annamaria Lusardi (ed.), Improving the Effectiveness of financial Education and Saving Programs, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, forthcoming.